Very small things can have unique properties that make them useful in a wide range of applications—like water-repellent coatings, targeted medical treatments, and antimicrobial fabrics. However, their use also brings health and safety considerations.
What are nanomaterials?
Nanomaterials typically refer to substances with dimensions under 100 nanometres—about 100,000 times smaller than the width of a human hair. Their small size gives them a large surface area and can make them highly mobile and reactive.
Potential hazards and legal duties
While nanomaterials can be beneficial, they can also be hazardous. Employers have duties under the Control of Substances Hazardous to Health (COSHH) Regulations and, in some cases, the Dangerous Substances and Explosive Atmospheres Regulations (DSEAR).
Assessing the risks
Risk assessment should consider:
- Manufacturer’s safety data sheets and equipment instructions.
- Whether substances used are hazardous.
- When and where exposure might occur during use or production.
- How people could be exposed (e.g. inhalation, skin contact, ingestion).
- Whether exposure can be prevented or controlled.
Controlling the risks
Typical control measures include:
- Keeping materials damp to reduce airborne dust.
- Sealing containers when not in use.
- Using local exhaust ventilation (LEV) like fume cupboards or capture hoods.
- Providing PPE such as gloves, coveralls, eye protection and RPE.
- Training employees on safe handling procedures.
Maintaining controls and emergency response
Employers should also ensure ongoing effectiveness and safe emergency responses. This could involve:
- Routine monitoring of controls and LEV systems.
- Safe maintenance and filter changes for ventilation equipment.
- Procedures for laundering reusable PPE and safely disposing of single-use gear.
- Spill response protocols—avoid dry brushing or standard vacuums.
- Use wet-wipe cleaning or class H commercial vacuums with HEPA filters.
Updated guidance
The UK Nanosafety Group (UKNSG) has recently published updated guidance on safe nanomaterial handling. While focused on research and development, the advice is applicable across various workplaces.
If you have any questions or would like support with managing issues at your workplace, please speak to your usual contact or get in touch using the form below.