While the tragic fire at the Le Constellation venue in Crans-Montana, Switzerland is still under official investigation, early reports suggest that foam insulation near a low ceiling may have been ignited by sparklers attached to champagne bottles. The venue was located on the ground floor and basement of a residential building. Although it would be inappropriate to speculate further, the incident highlights the importance of robust fire safety management in hospitality settings.
Why fire safety matters in bars and nightclubs
Fires in busy venues can escalate quickly. Effective fire safety management helps prevent incidents, ensures early detection, and enables rapid evacuation to a place of safety. For venues operating in multi-occupied buildings, these duties are even more critical.
Fire risk assessments: your starting point
A fire risk assessment helps identify hazards and ensures suitable precautions are in place. It should be reviewed regularly, especially if the building layout, occupancy or activities change.
Step 1: Identify fire hazards
- Sources of ignition, such as cooking equipment, candles, pyrotechnics or faulty electrics
- Sources of fuel, including alcohol, packaging, furnishings or decorations
- Sources of oxygen, usually the air, but sometimes chemicals or pressurised gases
Step 2: Identify people at risk
Consider staff, customers, contractors and those with limited mobility or sensory awareness, such as individuals under the influence of alcohol or medication.
Step 3: Evaluate risks and apply protection measures
Evaluate how likely a fire is and what the consequences could be. Then implement controls such as:
- Fire detection and alarm systems
- Firefighting equipment (extinguishers, blankets)
- Clear escape routes and signage
- Emergency lighting
Step 4: Record actions and train staff
Keep written records of your assessment and actions. Ensure staff are trained in evacuation procedures, fire extinguisher use and how to report concerns.
Step 5: Review and update regularly
Your risk assessment should be a live document. Review it regularly and after any significant changes to the premises or operations.
Escape routes and capacity management
Escape routes must be suitable and accessible at all times. Consider route widths, travel distances and maximum occupancy. In multi-level venues, evacuation planning becomes even more complex.
Escape route best practice
- Routes should be well lit, clear of obstructions and slip hazards
- Exit doors should open easily in the direction of travel
- Emergency lighting must function if normal lighting fails
- Routes should accommodate all users, including those with additional needs
Managing capacity
Overcrowding increases risk. Use door staff or counters to control entry, and be aware of legal capacity limits. Always plan for safe evacuation based on the available routes. Assume one primary route could be unavailable during a fire.
Using pyrotechnics safely
Pyrotechnics, such as sparklers or bottle-mounted fountains, can be visually impressive but carry fire risks if misused or poorly managed.
Key safety tips
- Use pyrotechnics only if they meet UK safety standards (e.g. UKCA or CE marked)
- Store them safely and keep quantities to a minimum
- Do not allow customers to bring their own onto the premises
- Use only in approved areas, away from flammable materials or low ceilings
- Assign trained staff to handle and light devices
- Have a plan for safe disposal of used or malfunctioning items
Emergency planning and first aid
Ensure the premises are equipped to deal with minor incidents and major emergencies. Fire extinguishers should be accessible and regularly checked. First aid kits must include supplies to treat burns and smoke exposure. Consider assigning trained first aiders during busy events.
Support with fire safety management
If you would like expert support with your venue’s fire risk assessments, escape planning and safety procedures, our Fire Risk Management consultants can help.
