What are bloodborne viruses (BBVs)?
Bloodborne viruses (BBVs) are infections transmitted through contact with blood or bodily fluids. Common examples include hepatitis B, hepatitis C, and HIV. In certain workplaces — such as healthcare, education, or public services — employees may be at risk of exposure during specific tasks or incidents.
New HSE guidance now available
The Health and Safety Executive (HSE) has revised its guidance on managing workplace exposure to BBVs. The updated advice helps employers comply with health and safety laws and implement effective risk controls.
1. Risk assessment and control measures
Employers must assess BBV exposure risks under the Control of Substances Hazardous to Health (COSHH) Regulations. Risk assessments should:
- Identify tasks that involve blood or body fluids
- Apply the hierarchy of controls — from elimination to PPE
- Document and regularly review mitigation measures
2. Safe working practices
The HSE recommends practical steps to reduce exposure, including:
- Avoid direct contact with blood or fluids where possible
- Use sharps cautiously and dispose of them in approved containers
- Wear task-appropriate PPE (e.g. gloves, eye protection, masks)
- Practice good hygiene — handwashing and surface cleaning
3. Immunisation for at-risk workers
Immunisation is a key control measure for those regularly exposed to BBVs (e.g. healthcare and laboratory workers). Employers should:
- Offer hepatitis B vaccinations to at-risk staff
- Inform employees of immunisation benefits and limitations
- Review vaccination status and provide boosters where needed
4. Responding to exposure incidents
If a potential BBV exposure occurs, workers should:
- Know and follow site-specific first aid protocols
- Immediately report incidents to a manager or health and safety lead
- Wash exposed eyes and mouth with water if splashed
- For puncture wounds, gently encourage bleeding and wash with soap and water — do not scrub or suck the wound
5. Decontamination and waste disposal
Employers must ensure proper cleaning and disposal of contaminated materials. This includes:
- Safe handling of contaminated sharps or materials
- Use of appropriate cleaning agents for decontamination
- Disposal through licensed hazardous waste channels
Need support managing infection risks?
We help organisations develop safe systems of work, train staff on BBV awareness, and ensure compliance with COSHH and infection control standards. Speak to our team for tailored advice.
